国情普查项目控制点测量方法研究     

王宝山  吕嘉欣  杨凤  王照祥 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(9):112-114

遥感影像数据作为第一次全国地理国情普查项目的首要基础资料,如何快速生产出满足精度要求的遥感影像成果,对国情普查项目有着不言而喻的作用,在西部经济欠发达地区,基础控制点数据库尚未全覆盖,需要在短时间内采集大范围的控制点信息,本文通过生产实践,对几种控制点采集方法进行综合比对,认为StarFire全球双频GPS星链差分系统测量的方法较适合我国西部荒漠、戈壁地区的国情影像像控点采集任务。  相似文献   

城市地下管网普查物探方法分析与验证     

刘子嘉  薛晓轩 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(12)

地下管网是城市正常运转的基础设施,承载着城市各种物质流、能源流和信息流,保证了城市的有序运转和居民的正常生活。探测地下管线的主要设备是英国雷迪RD8000,但这种设备恰巧是测绘仪器检定的盲区。为保证探测精度,需对物探方法进行分析,对设备进行校验,对不同埋深、不同地电条件下金属管线探测的工作参数进行试验,对探测仪性能、方法、最佳收发距离进行综合评定,旨在最大限度地发挥探测仪的潜能,从而保证地下管网的探测精度。  相似文献   

西藏羌北高原多格错仁盐湖中更新世晚期以来的环境演化记录     

李金锁  刘喜方  牛新生  商斌  李国臣 《地质学报》2020,94(10):3130-3143

通过对西藏藏北高原多格错仁盐湖湖岸3101cm高度剖面进行地形地貌、地层沉积特征、矿物学特征及粒度、频率磁化率等气候环境变化指标的分析研究发现，整个剖面反映出大致6个较大的气候变化过程：233. 3kaBP～223. 5kaBP气候波动较大，总体趋势气候趋于干冷，期间出现过两次较温暖气候，之后气候逐渐变冷；在223. 5kaBP～213. 6kaBP总体变化为气温大幅度上升，但在期间有一次较大的相对冷干过程；213. 6kaBP～170kaBP之间总体变化气候趋于变冷，中间有2次明显的气候变暖湿过程及两次冷干过程；170kaBP～117. 1kaBP气候转为明显湿热；117. 1kaBP～75. 6kaBP气候变化趋势明显降低；75. 6kaBP～56. 7kaBP气候又明显上升达到湿热状态。以上气候波动规律与极地冰芯记录及深海氧同位素记录的古气候波动规律有很好的一致性，同时本盐湖区与柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖区的CH0310钻孔及青海湖南岸二郎剑阶地的 QH 86钻孔所揭示的中更新世晚期以来的气候变化的分析对比，发现西藏羌北的多格错仁盐湖区与青海的察尔汗盐湖区及青海湖湖区在更新世中晚期以来的气候环境变迁存在极好的可比性，说明青藏高原的气候演化在中晚更新世以来基本具有一致性，在时间上的微小超前与滞后具有区域上的细微变化，说明气候变迁在不同的区域又具有各自的独特性。  相似文献   

Impact of climate indicators on continental‐scale potential groundwater recharge in Africa          下载免费PDF全文

Paolo Nasta  John B. Gates  Yoshihide Wada 《水文研究》2016,30(19):3420-3433

In the last decades, human activity has been contributing to climate change that is closely associated with an increase in temperatures, increase in evaporation, intensification of extreme dry and wet rainfall events, and widespread melting of snow and ice. Understanding the intricate linkage between climate warming and the hydrological cycle is crucial for sustainable management of groundwater resources, especially in a vulnerable continent like Africa. This study investigates the relationship between climate‐change drivers and potential groundwater recharge (PGR) patterns across Africa for a long‐term record (1960–2010). Water‐balance components were simulated by using the PCR‐GLOBWB model and were reproduced in both gridded maps and latitudinal trends that vary in space with minima on the Tropics and maxima around the Equator. Statistical correlations between temperature, storm occurrences, drought, and PGR were examined in six climatic regions of Africa. Surprisingly, different effects of climate‐change controls on PGR were detected as a function of latitude in the last three decades (1980–2010). Temporal trends observed in the Northern Hemisphere of Africa reveal that the increase in temperature is significantly correlated to the decline of PGR, especially in the Northern Equatorial Africa. The climate indicators considered in this study were unable to explain the alarming negative trend of PGR observed in the Sahelian region, even though the Standardized Precipitation‐Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) values report a 15% drought stress. On the other hand, increases in temperature have not been detected in the Southern Hemisphere of Africa, where increasing frequency of storm occurrences determine a rise of PGR, particularly in southern Africa. Time analysis highlights a strong seasonality effect, while PGR is in‐phase with rainfall patterns in the summer (Northern Hemisphere) and winter (Southern Hemisphere) and out‐of‐phase during the fall season. This study helps to elucidate the mechanism of the processes influencing groundwater resources in six climatic zones of Africa, even though modelling results need to be validated more extensively with direct measurements in future studies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Discharge‐sediment processes of the Zhadang glacier on the Tibetan Plateau measured with a high frequency data acquisition system          下载免费PDF全文

Fei Chen  Qiangguo Cai  Liying Sun  Tingwu Lei 《水文研究》2016,30(23):4330-4338

In high elevation cold regions of the Tibetan Plateau, suspended sediment transfer from glacier meltwater erosion is one of the important hydrological components. The Zhadang glacier is a typical valley‐type glacier in the Nyainqentanglha Mountains on the Tibetan Plateau. To make frequent and long period records of meltwater runoff and sediment processes in the very high elevation and isolated regions, an automatic system was installed near the glacier snout (5400 m a.s.l) in August 2013, to measure the transient discharge and sediment processes at 5‐min interval, which is shorter than the time span for the water flow to traverse the catchment from the farthest end to the watershed outlet. Diurnal variations of discharge, and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) were recorded at high frequency for the Zhadang glacier, before suspended sediment load (SSL) was computed. Hourly SSC varied from the range of 0.2 kg/m³ to 0.5 kg/m³ (at 8:00–9:00) to the range of 2.0 kg/m³ to 4.0 kg/m³ (at 17:00–18:00). The daily SSL was 32.24 t during the intense ablation period. Hourly SSC was linearly correlated with discharge (r = 0.885**, n = 18, p < 0.01). A digit‐eight hysteresis loop was observed for the sediment transport in the glacier area. Air temperature fluctuations influence discharge, and then result in the sediment variations. The results of this study provide insight into the responses of suspended sediment delivery processes with a high frequency data in the high elevation cold regions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于分形理论的板块形态重建     

朱平平  成秋明  周远志  张雨维  孙家振 《地学前缘》2020,27(4):150-157

全球板块重建的精细化和区域化是当前研究的热点领域之一。值得注意的是,针对重建板块形态分布规律的研究,尚未充分展开。在大数据背景下,本文根据已有板块重建模型,对中生代以来的重建板块的形态,进行了分形维数分析,并结合斑岩型铜矿床的频数分布规律,讨论了分形维数和斑岩型矿床频数对板块重建整体性评估的意义。研究结果表明,自250 Ma以来的地质历史时期,全球重建板块形态的分形维数具有先下降后上升的特点,在65 Ma达到最小,可能代表了由Pangea超大陆向未来超大陆Amasia的转换。此外,全球斑岩型铜矿床的频数异常与板块重建形态的分形维数异常具有良好的对应关系,表明板块运动过程中产生的快速形变与斑岩型铜矿床形成之间具有密切的联系。该结果可能将为整体性评估重建板块形态的真实性提供一个全新的方法,特别是对约束古老板块的形态方面,具有一定的科学价值;同时,也能为斑岩型铜矿床的成因,提供对照参考的数据基础。  相似文献   

Uncertainty analysis of soil-pile interactions of monopile offshore wind turbine support structures     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

The objective of this work is to study the uncertainties involved in the modelling of the soil-pile interaction concerning their influence on the prediction of the dynamic structural response of monopile offshore wind turbine support structures. Two main issues are identified and addressed: the adequacy of the method used to deal with the soil-pile interactions and the adequacy of the soil properties reflecting the behaviour of the soil. The present study develops an approach that defines the penetrated pile length depending on the soil profile. Also, a parameter is defined to avoid the excessive usage of steel for the penetrated pile structure. The uncertainties are included in the probabilistic free vibration analysis and the contribution of each random variable to the scatter of the response is estimated by performing a sensitivity analysis. The results indicate that the uncertainty involved in the modelling of the soil profile has a significant effect on the coefficient of variance of the natural frequency, which is a serious issue to be considered in the fatigue life assessment of offshore wind turbine support structures.  相似文献   

射电望远镜远场区域强干扰源规避方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

李欢  刘奇  王娜  蔡明辉  王玥  朱春花  苏晓明 《天文学报》2021,62(6):61

随着频率使用率的提高, 射电天文台址地面或空间存在强电磁干扰致使望远镜接收机系统处于非线性状态. 为减少强电磁干扰的影响、提高天文观测效率, 提出了一种基于望远镜远场区域的强干扰源规避方法. 首先, 通过仿真分析确定的射电望远镜远场方向图, 结合望远镜与干扰源之间的位置关系, 分析了强电磁干扰到达射电望远镜焦点处的功率响应, 并依据接收机第2阶中频放大器性能参数, 确定射电望远镜处于非饱和状态的规避角度计算方法. 其次, 采用该方法计算分析了民航飞机对射电望远镜的影响, 若民航飞机上有主动发射的干扰源, 且不经过反射等传播现象, 当射电望远镜主波束轴偏开一定方向后, 可有效降低对射电望远镜的干扰强度.  相似文献   

SS-Y型伸缩仪观测问题分析及优化方法探讨     

杨江  李静渊  余剑锋  李农发 《地震地磁观测与研究》2020,(1):91-98

SS-Y型伸缩仪在我国地震洞体形变监测台网中已安装使用多年.对地球固体潮观测而言,仪器观测资料精度高且长期稳定性较好,但从地震预测的观测需求来看,SS-Y型伸缩仪仍然存在很多不足,如高频信息缺失、抗干扰能力较弱、存在格值误差、自校验能力较差等.对伸缩仪存在的问题进行分析,并提出一种超宽频带短基线伸缩仪的设计思路,以期为后续新仪器的研制提供理论依据.  相似文献   

The use of the exponent K(q) function to delimit homogeneous regions in regional frequency analysis of extreme annual daily rainfall          下载免费PDF全文

A. P. García‐Marín  J. Estévez  C. Sangüesa‐Pool  R. Pizarro‐Tapia  J. L. Ayuso‐Muñoz  F. J. Jimenez‐Hornero 《水文研究》2015,29(1):139-151

The regional frequency analysis of extreme annual rainfall data is a useful methodology in hydrology to obtain certain quantile values when no long data series are available. The most crucial step in the analysis is the grouping of sites into homogeneous regions. This work presents a new grouping criterion based on some multifractal properties of rainfall data. For this purpose, a regional frequency analysis of extreme annual rainfall data from the Maule Region (Chile) has been performed. Daily rainfall data series of 53 available stations have been studied, and their empirical moments scaling exponent functions K(q) have been obtained. Two characteristics parameters of the K(q) functions (γ_max and K(0)) have been used to group the stations into three homogeneous regions. Only five sites have not been possible to include into any homogenous regions, being the local frequency analysis of extreme daily rainfall the most appropriate method to be used at these locations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献